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The territorial scope of the rights involved in digital transmissions and the segmentation of the market through licensing agreements

1. Heb je ooit problemen ondervonden wanneer je online diensten uit andere lidstaten dan jouw eigen land probeert te gebruiken?

2. Ben je wel eens in de problemen gekomen als je probeert om jouw online diensten aan te bieden in de EU?

3. Hoe vaak word je gevraagd om licenties over meerdere landen te verstrekken? Indien mogelijk, geef alsjeblief een indicatie van het aantal verzoeken per jaar en voorbeelden met vermelding van de lidstaat, sector en type werk in kwestie.

4. Als je problemen hebt geïdentificeerd in de antwoorden op de bovenstaande vragen - wat zou de makkelijkste manier zijn om ze op te lossen?

5. Zijn er redenen waarom, zelfs in zaken waar je alle noodzakelijke rechten beheert voor alle landen in kwestie, je het nog steeds noodzakelijk zou vinden om restricties per land op een aanbieder van diensten te leggen (bijvoorbeeld om ervoor te zorgen dat bepaalde werken niet toegankelijk zijn in bepaalde Europese landen)?

6. Zijn er redenen waarom, zelfs in gevallen waar je alle noodzakelijke rechten verworven hebt voor alle landen in kwestie, je het nog steeds noodzakelijk zou vinden om beperkingen per land op een aanbieder van diensten te leggen (om er bijvoorbeeld voor te zorgen dat bepaalde werken niet toegankelijk zijn in bepaalde Europese landen)?

7. Denk je dat verdere maatregelen (middels wetgeving of niet middels wetgeving, zoals de markt het laten oplossen) op Europees niveau nodig zijn om diensten die werken aanbieden beter bereikbaar te maken over de grenzen binnen de Europese markt, terwijl er een adequaat niveau van bescherming gehandhaafd blijft voor de houders van rechten?

Is there a need for more clarity as regards the scope of what needs to be authorised (or not) in digital transmissions?

The definition of the rights involved in digital transmissions

8. Is de reikwijdte van het recht om iets 'beschikbaar te maken' in situaties over de grenzen heen - dat is als er werken over de grens gedistribueerd worden - voldoende helder?

9. Zou een verduidelijking van de territoriale werkingssfeer van het recht "ter beschikking te stellen" een effect kunnen hebben op de erkenning van uw rechten (bijvoorbeeld of u wordt beschouwd de auteur te zijn of niet, of u nu geacht wordt uw rechten te hebben overgedragen of niet), op uw beloning, of op de handhaving van rechten (waaronder de beschikbaarheid van voorlopige voorziening*)?

Two rights involved in a single act of exploitation

10. Leidt het toepassen van twee rechten op een enkele daad van economische uitbating in de online omgeving (bijvoorbeeld een download) tot problemen voor u?

Linking and browsing

11. Moet het verschaffen van een hyperlink die leidt naar een werk of een andere zaak beschermd door het auteursrecht, hetzij in het algemeen of in specifieke omstandigheden, afhankelijk zijn van de toestemming van de rechthebbende?

12. Moet het bekijken van een webpagina waar dit impliceert de tijdelijke reproductie van een werk of ander krachtens het auteursrecht beschermd materiaal op het scherm en in het cachegeheugen van de computer van de gebruiker, hetzij in het algemeen of in specifieke omstandigheden, afhankelijk zijn van de goedkeuring van de rechthebbende?

Download to own digital content

13. Bent u tegen beperkingen aangelopen toen u probeerde om digitale bestanden weer te verkopen die u aangeschaft heeft (bijv. mp3-bestand, e-book)?

14. Wat zouden de gevolgen zijn van het bieden van een wettelijk kader dat de wederverkoop van eerder gekochte digitale inhoud regelt? Gelieve te specificeren per markt (per type content).

Registration of work and other subject matter – is it a good idea?

15. Zou de invoering van een registratiesysteem op EU-niveau helpen bij het identificeren en vergunnen van werken en andere onderwerpen?

16. Wat zijn de mogelijke voordelen van een dergelijk systeem?

17. Wat zijn de mogelijke nadelen van een dergelijk systeem?

18. Welke prikkels voor registratie door de rechthebbenden kunnen worden overwogen?

How to improve the use and interoperability of identifiers

19. Wat moet de rol van de EU zijn bij het bevorderen van de goedkeuring van identificatielabels in de 'content' sector, en bij het bevorderen van de ontwikkeling en interoperabiliteit van rechteneigendom en machtigingen-databases?

Term of protection – is it appropriate?

20. Zijn de huidige termijnen van auteursrechtelijke bescherming nog steeds passend in de digitale omgeving?

21. Zijn er problemen die voortvloeien uit het feit dat de meeste beperkingen en uitzonderingen bij de EU-richtlijnen inzake auteursrecht optioneel zijn voor de lidstaten?

22. Moeten sommige / alle uitzonderingen verplicht worden gesteld en, zo ja, is er behoefte aan een hoger niveau van harmonisatie van dergelijke uitzonderingen?

23. Moeten er nieuwe beperkingen en uitzonderingen worden toegevoegd aan of verwijderd uit de bestaande catalogus ? Gelieve te verklaren met verwijzing naar specifieke gevallen.

24. Is er, los van bovenstaande vragen, behoefte om te voorzien in een grotere mate van flexibiliteit in het EU-regelgevingskader voor beperkingen en uitzonderingen?

25. Zo ja, wat zou de beste aanpak zijn om te zorgen voor flexibiliteit? (zoals interpretatie door de nationale rechter en het Hof van Justitie, periodieke herzieningen van de richtlijnen, interpretaties door de Commissie, ingebouwde flexibiliteit, bijvoorbeeld in de vorm van een voorziening voor fair-use of fair dealing / open normen, etc.)? Gelieve uit te leggen door aan te geven wat de relatieve voor- en nadelen van een dergelijke aanpak zouden zijn, alsmede de mogelijke effecten op de werking van de interne markt.

26. Vormen de territorialiteit van de beperkingen en de uitzonderingen, in uw ervaring, een probleem?

27. In the event that limitations and exceptions established at national level were to have cross-border effect, how should the question of “fair compensation” be addressed, when such compensation is part of the exception? (e.g. who pays whom, where?)

Acces to content in libraries and archives

28. (a) [In particular if you are an institutional user:] Have you experienced specific problems when trying to use an exception to preserve and archive specific works or other subject matter in your collection?
(b) [In particular if you are a right holder:] Have you experienced problems with the use by libraries, educational establishments, museum or archives of the preservation exception?

29. If there are problems, how would they best be solved?

30. If your view is that a legislative solution is needed, what would be its main elements? Which activities of the beneficiary institutions should be covered and under which conditions?

31. If your view is that a different solution is needed, what would it be?

Off-premises access to library collections

32. (a) [In particular if you are an institutional user:] Have you experienced specific problems when trying to negotiate agreements with rights holders that enable you to provide remote access, including across borders, to your collections (or parts thereof) for purposes of research and private study?
(b) [In particular if you are an end user/consumer:] Have you experienced specific problems when trying to consult, including across borders, works and other subject-matter held in the collections of institutions such as universities and national libraries when you are not on the premises of the institutions in question?
(c) [In particular if you are a right holder:] Have you negotiated agreements with institutional users that enable those institutions to provide remote access, including across borders, to the works or other subject-matter in their collections, for purposes of research and private study?

33. If there are problems, how would they best be solved?

34. If your view is that a legislative solution is needed, what would be its main elements? Which activities of the beneficiary institutions should be covered and under which conditions?

35. If your view is that a different solution is needed, what would it be?

E-Lending

36. (a) [In particular if you are a library:] Have you experienced specific problems when trying to negotiate agreements to enable the electronic lending (e-lending), including across borders, of books or other materials held in your collection?
(b) [In particular if you are an end user/consumer:] Have you experienced specific problems when trying to borrow books or other materials electronically (e-lending), including across borders, from institutions such as public libraries?
(c) [In particular if you are a right holder:] Have you negotiated agreements with libraries to enable them to lend books or other materials electronically, including across borders?

37. If there are problems, how would they best be solved?

38. What differences do you see in the management of physical and online collections, including providing access to your subscribers? What problems have you encountered?

39. What difference do you see between libraries’ traditional activities such as on-premises consultation or public lending and activities such as off-premises (online, at a distance) consultation and e-lending? What problems have you encountered?

Mass digitisation

40. Would it be necessary in your country to enact legislation to ensure that the results of the 2011 MoU (i.e. the agreements concluded between libraries and collecting societies) have a cross-border effect so that out of commerce works can be accessed across the EU?

41. Would it be necessary to develop mechanisms, beyond those already agreed for other types of content (e.g. for audio- or audio-visual collections, broadcasters’ archives)?

Teaching

42. (a) [In particular if you are an end user/consumer or an institutional user:] Have you experienced specific problems when trying to use works or other subject-matter for illustration for teaching, including across borders?
(b) [In particular if you are a right holder:] Have you experienced specific problems resulting from the way in which works or other subject-matter are used for illustration for teaching, including across borders?

43. If there are problems, how would they best be solved?

44. What mechanisms exist in the market place to facilitate the use of content for illustration for teaching purposes? How successful are they?

45. If your view is that a legislative solution is needed, what would be its main elements? Which activities of the beneficiary institutions should be covered and under what conditions?

46. If your view is that a different solution is needed, what would it be?

Research

47. (a) [In particular if you are an end user/consumer or an institutional user:] Have you experienced specific problems when trying to use works or other subject matter in the context of research projects/activities, including across borders?
(b) [In particular if you are a right holder:] Have you experienced specific problems resulting from the way in which works or other subject-matter are used in the context of research projects/activities, including across borders?

48. If there are problems, how would they best be solved?

49. What mechanisms exist in the Member States to facilitate the use of content for research purposes? How successful are they?

Disabilities

50. (a) [In particular if you are a person with a disability or an organisation representing persons with disabilities:] Have you experienced problems with accessibility to content, including across borders, arising from Member States’ implementation of this exception?
(b) [In particular if you are an organisation providing services for persons with disabilities:] Have you experienced problems when distributing/communicating works published in special formats across the EU?
(c) [In particular if you are a right holder:] Have you experienced specific problems resulting from the application of limitations or exceptions allowing for the distribution/communication of works published in special formats, including across borders?

51. If there are problems, what could be done to improve accessibility?

52. What mechanisms exist in the market place to facilitate accessibility to content? How successful are they?

Text and data mining

53. (a) [In particular if you are an end user/consumer or an institutional user:] Have you experienced obstacles, linked to copyright, when trying to use text or data mining methods, including across borders?
(b) [In particular if you are a service provider:] Have you experienced obstacles, linked to copyright, when providing services based on text or data mining methods, including across borders?
(c) [In particular if you are a right holder:] Have you experienced specific problems resulting from the use of text and data mining in relation to copyright protected content, including across borders?

54. If there are problems, how would they best be solved?

55. If your view is that a legislative solution is needed, what would be its main elements? Which activities should be covered and under what conditions?

56. If your view is that a different solution is needed, what would it be?

57. Are there other issues, unrelated to copyright, that constitute barriers to the use of text or data mining methods?

User-generated content

58. (a) [In het bijzonder als je een eindgebruiker/consument bent:] Heb je problemen ondervonden bij het proberen om bestaande werken of anderszins beschermde zaken andere betreffende zaken te gebruiken om nieuwe inhoud te verspreiden op het Internet, ook over grenzen heen?
(b) [In het bijzonder als je een dienstaanbieder bent:] Heb je problemen ondervonden wanneer gebruikers nieuwe inhoud die gebaseerd is op bestaande werken of andere betreffende zaken publiceren/verspreiden via jouw dienst, ook over grenzen heen?
(c) [In het bijzonder als je een rechthebbende bent:] Heb je problemen ondervonden die kwamen door de manier waarop de gebruikers bestaande werken of andere betreffende zaken gebruiken om nieuwe inhoud te verspreiden op het Internet, ook over grenzen heen?

59. (a) [In particular if you are an end user/consumer or a right holder:] Have you experienced problems when trying to ensure that the work you have created (on the basis of pre-existing works) is properly identified for online use? Are proprietary systems sufficient in this context?
(b) [In particular if you are a service provider:] Do you provide possibilities for users that are publishing/disseminating the works they have created (on the basis of pre-existing works) through your service to properly identify these works for online use?

60. (a) [In particular if you are an end user/consumer or a right holder):] Have you experienced problems when trying to be remunerated for the use of the work you have created (on the basis of pre-existing works)?
(b) [In particular if you are a service provider:] Do you provide remuneration schemes for users publishing/disseminating the works they have created (on the basis of pre-existing works) through your service?

61. If there are problems, how would they best be solved?

62. If your view is that a legislative solution is needed, what would be its main elements? Which activities should be covered and under what conditions?

63. If your view is that a different solution is needed, what would it be?

64. In your view, is there a need to clarify at the EU level the scope and application of the private copying and reprography exceptions in the digital environment?

65. Should digital copies made by end users for private purposes in the context of a service that has been licensed by rightholders, and where the harm to the rightholder is minimal, be subject to private copying levies?

66. How would changes in levies with respect to the application to online services (e.g. services based on cloud computing allowing, for instance, users to have copies on different devices) impact the development and functioning of new business models on the one hand and rightholders’ revenue on the other?

67. Would you see an added value in making levies visible on the invoices for products subject to levies?

68. Have you experienced a situation where a cross-border transaction resulted in undue levy payments, or duplicate payments of the same levy, or other obstacles to the free movement of goods or services?

69. What percentage of products subject to a levy is sold to persons other than natural persons for purposes clearly unrelated to private copying? Do any of those transactions result in undue payments? Please explain in detail the example you provide (type of products, type of transaction, stakeholders, etc.).

70. Where such undue payments arise, what percentage of trade do they affect? To what extent could a priori exemptions and/or ex post reimbursement schemes existing in some Member States help to remedy the situation?

71. If you have identified specific problems with the current functioning of the levy system, how would these problems best be solved?

72. What is the best mechanism (or combination of mechanisms) to ensure that you receive an adequate remuneration for the exploitation of your works and performances?

73. Is there a need to act at the EU level (for instance to prohibit certain clauses in contracts)?

74. If you consider that the current rules are not effective, what would you suggest to address the shortcomings you identify?

75. Should the civil enforcement system in the EU be rendered more efficient for infringements of copyright committed with a commercial purpose?

76. In particular, is the current legal framework clear enough to allow for sufficient involvement of intermediaries (such as Internet service providers, advertising brokers, payment service providers, domain name registrars, etc.) in inhibiting online copyright infringements with a commercial purpose? If not, what measures would be useful to foster the cooperation of intermediaries?

77. Does the current civil enforcement framework ensure that the right balance is achieved between the right to have one’s copyright respected and other rights such as the protection of private life and protection of personal data?

78. Should the EU pursue the establishment of a single EU Copyright Title, as a means of establishing a consistent framework for rights and exceptions to copyright across the EU, as well as a single framework for enforcement?

79. Should this be the next step in the development of copyright in the EU? Does the current level of difference among the Member State legislation mean that this is a longer term project?

80. Zijn er andere belangrijke zaken die samenhangen met het rechtssysteem voor copyright in de EU? Leg uit en toon aan hoe zulke zaken moeten worden aangepakt.